Science and the Environment: Renewable Energy and Sustainability
What Is Renewable Energy?
Renewable energy comes from natural sources that replenish over time, such as sunlight, wind, and geothermal heat.
Types of Renewable Energy
Solar Energy
Photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electricity.
Wind Energy
Turbines harness wind to generate electricity.
Geothermal Energy
Heat from beneath the Earth’s surface is used for power generation and heating.
Applications of Renewable Energy
Electricity Generation
Renewable sources power homes, businesses, and industries.
Transportation
Electric and hydrogen-powered vehicles reduce fossil fuel dependence.
Climate Action
Renewable energy reduces greenhouse gas emissions, combating climate change.
Example Problem
A solar panel with an efficiency of \( 20\% \) receives \( 1,000 \, \text{W/m}^2 \) of sunlight over an area of \( 10 \, \text{m}^2 \). Calculate the power output.
- Formula:
\[
\text{Power Output} = \text{Efficiency} \times \text{Input Power}
\]
- Substitute Values:
\[
\text{Power Output} = 0.2 \cdot (1,000 \cdot 10) = 2,000 \, \text{W}
\]
Practice Questions
- Calculate the energy output of a wind turbine with \( 40\% \) efficiency generating \( 5,000 \, \text{W} \) of power input.
- Explain the role of geothermal energy in sustainable power generation.
- Describe one challenge in transitioning to renewable energy sources.
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