Finding Main Ideas and Evidence: SAT Reading Strategies
Introduction
The SAT Reading section tests your ability to understand complex passages and answer questions based on main ideas and supporting evidence. Mastering this skill is crucial for UK, European, and international students aiming for high SAT scores.
In this guide, you will learn:
- How to identify the main idea of a passage.
- Strategies for locating supporting evidence.
- Common traps to avoid.
What is the Main Idea of a Passage?
The main idea is the central point or message of a passage. It answers the question:
“What is the passage primarily about?”
Step-by-Step Strategy for Identifying the Main Idea
Step 1: Skim the Passage
Read the introduction and conclusion first. These sections often summarize the main idea.
Example:
In a passage about climate change, the introduction mentions global warming, and the conclusion discusses its impact on society. The main idea relates to climate change and its effects.
Step 2: Look for Repeated Words or Themes
If certain words or ideas appear throughout the passage, they are likely linked to the main idea.
Example:
In a passage about technology, if “innovation” and “impact on society” repeat, the main idea involves how technology innovations affect society.
Step 3: Eliminate Distractor Answers
Many incorrect answers will include:
- Too much detail: A supporting point, not the main idea.
- Out-of-scope ideas: Irrelevant to the passage.
Locating Supporting Evidence
Look for Direct References
The evidence is often a specific sentence or phrase supporting an idea. Pay attention to words like “because,” “for example,” or “as shown.”
Use the Line Numbers
If the question provides line numbers, reread the specified lines and 2-3 lines before and after to ensure context.
Example Question:
“What evidence best supports the claim that exercise reduces stress?”
- Go to the lines referring to “exercise” and identify a statement linking it to stress reduction.
Practice Question
Passage Summary: A passage discusses the benefits of exercise on mental health.
Question:
“What is the main idea of the passage?”
A. Exercise improves physical health.
B. Exercise has a positive effect on mental health.
C. Exercise is a form of therapy for everyone.
Correct Answer: B. The passage focuses on mental health benefits, not physical health or general therapy.
Common Traps to Avoid
- Answering Too Quickly: Read all answer choices carefully.
- Ignoring Context: Look at surrounding sentences to understand evidence.
- Choosing Minor Details: Stick to the overarching theme.
Summary
Mastering the main idea and supporting evidence is key to excelling in the SAT Reading section. Use these strategies to focus on central themes, eliminate incorrect answers, and improve accuracy.
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