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Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
Introduction
Understanding atomic structure and periodic trends is essential in GCSE Chemistry. These concepts form the foundation for explaining chemical properties and reactions.
This article will cover:
- The structure of atoms and isotopes.
- Development of the periodic table.
- Trends in groups and periods.
Structure of Atoms and Isotopes
Atomic Structure
- Protons: Positive charge, found in the nucleus.
- Neutrons: Neutral charge, also in the nucleus.
- Electrons: Negative charge, orbit the nucleus in shells.
Isotopes
- Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
- Example: Carbon-12 and Carbon-14.
Development of the Periodic Table
Mendeleev’s Table
- Arranged by atomic mass.
- Left gaps for undiscovered elements.
Modern Table
- Organised by atomic number.
- Groups indicate elements with similar chemical properties.
Trends in Groups and Periods
- Group 1 (Alkali Metals):
- Reactivity increases down the group.
- Group 7 (Halogens):
- Reactivity decreases down the group.
- Periods:
- Properties change from metallic to non-metallic across a period.
Conclusion
Mastering atomic structure and periodic table trends is crucial for GCSE Chemistry. Practise interpreting group properties and explaining periodic trends to excel in exams.
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