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Genetics and Inheritance
Introduction
Genetics explains how traits are inherited from one generation to the next. Understanding DNA and inheritance patterns is a key part of GCSE Biology.
This article will cover:
- The structure and function of DNA.
- Genetic crosses and inheritance patterns.
- How genetic disorders arise.
The Structure of DNA
- DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid): A molecule that carries genetic information.
- Structure: A double helix with base pairs (A-T, C-G).
- Found in the nucleus, forming chromosomes.
Genetic Crosses and Inheritance Patterns
Key Terms
- Alleles: Variants of a gene (dominant and recessive).
- Genotype: Genetic makeup (e.g., BB, Bb, bb).
- Phenotype: Observable traits (e.g., blue eyes, brown hair).
Punnett Squares
Predict inheritance patterns.
Example: Cross BB (brown) with bb (blue).
- Offspring: 100% Bb (brown).
Genetic Disorders
- Cystic Fibrosis: Caused by a recessive allele.
- Huntington’s Disease: Caused by a dominant allele.
Conclusion
Understanding genetics and inheritance reveals how traits are passed between generations. Practice using Punnett squares and identifying inheritance patterns to master this topic.
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